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Наталья Васильевна Карасенко

English Medium. Physics. Mathematics.

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    GENERAL

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      DEAR STUDENTS!

      GLAD TO WELCOME YOU TO THE DEPARTMENT

      OF PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS!

      Classes in the discipline "Physics. Mathematics ”are held in a distance format.

      Lectures and practical lessons are delivered using the GoogleMeet service.

      The lecture schedule on the distance learning platform contains the date, time, topic, lecturer's name and an active link to participate in the video conference. Don't be late for your lecture! Follow the link to the videoconference 5 minutes before the start of the lecture and get permission to join the videoconference.

      Lectures and practical lessons materials are presented on a distance learning platform.

      You will receive individual assignments from your teacher. If requested, send the completed work to your teacher by email. In the line "Subject" of your e-mail, be sure to indicate the faculty, group, surname, topic of the lesson.

      For any organizational and thematic questions, please contact your teacher via e-mail.

      WE WISH SUCCESS IN STUDYING THE DISCIPLINE!


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      "Physics. Mathematics" teachers File PDF
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  • LECTURES

  • Practical lesson No. 1. Elements of theory of probabilities

    The student must learn the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:

    1. Evidence-based medicine
    2. A random event. The probability of a random event. Classical and statistical definition of probability.
    3. The concept of compatible and incompatible events. The law (theorem) of addition of probabilities. Examples of compatible and incompatible events.
    4. The concept of dependent and independent events. Conditional probability, the law (theorem) of multiplication of probabilities. Examples of dependent and independent events.
    5. Continuous and discrete random variables.
    6. Distribution of discrete and continuous random variables and their characteristics: mathematical expectation, variance, standard deviation.
    7. Function of distribution. Density of probability. 
    8. Continuous random variable normal distribution law. 

  • Practical lesson No. 2. Statistical analysis

    The student must learn the material on the topic and be ABLE to answer the following questions: 

    1. General population and sample. Population and sample examples. Sample size, representativeness. 

    2. Statistical distribution (variation series). Bar chart. 

    3. Characteristics of position (mode, median, sample mean) and dispersion (sample variance and sample standard deviation). 

    4. Estimation of the parameters of the general population based on its sample (point and interval). 

    5. Confidence interval, confidence probability, level of significance.


  • Practical lesson No. 3. Statistical hypotheses testing

    The student must learn the material on the topic and be ABLE to answer the following questions:
    1. Statistical hypothesis.
    2. General formulation of the hypothesis testing problem.
    3. Comparison of the mean values ​​of two normally distributed general populations. Student's criterion.
    4. Testing hypotheses for variances. Fisher's criterion.
    5. Testing hypotheses about distribution laws. Pearson's criterion.
    6. Nonparametric tests.


  • Practical lesson No. 4. COLLOQUIUM No. 1 "MATHEMATICS"

    TOPIC: FUNDAMENTALS OF THEORY OF PROBABILITIES  AND MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS

    Students should learn the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:
    1. Fundamentals of probabilities theory
    - The concept of evidence-based medicine.
    - Random event. Definition of probability (statistical and classical). The concept of compatible and incompatible events, dependent and independent events. Addition and multiplication theorems for probabilities.
    - Continuous and discrete random variables. Distribution of discrete and continuous random variables, their characteristics: mathematical expectation, variance, standard deviation.
    - Normal law of distribution of continuous random variables. Distribution function. Probability density.
    2. Basics of Mathematical Statistics
    - General population and sample. Sample size, representativeness.
    - Statistical distribution (variation series). Bar chart. Characteristics of position (mode, median, sample mean) and scatter (sample variance and sample standard deviation).
    - Estimation of the parameters of the general population by the characteristics of its sample (point and interval).
    - Confidence interval and confidence probability. Level of significance
    3. Statistical hypotheses testing
    - Comparison of the means of two normally distributed populations.
    - Fisher's comparison criterion.
    - Pearson's comparison criterion.
    - Nonparametric tests.


  • Practical (laboratory) lesson No. 5. MECHANICAL WAVES. ACOUSTICS

    Laboratory work: «Study of the objective and subjective characteristics of sound and the spectral characteristics of hearing»

     The student must learn the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:

    1. Mechanical waves. Plane wave equation.
    2. Parameters of oscillations and waves.
    3. Energy characteristics of the wave.
    4. Sound. Physical characteristics of sound. Characteristics of the auditory sensation and their relationship to the physical characteristics of sound.
    5. Weber-Fechner law.
    6. Audiometry.
    7. Physical foundations of sound research methods in the clinics.

  • Practical (laboratory) lesson No. 6. Elements of Reology and Hemodynamics

    The student must learn the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:

    1. Viscosity. Newton's formula, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.
    2. Blood as a non-Newtonian liquid. Influence of the properties of erythrocytes on the non-Newtonian character of blood.
    3. Methods for determining the viscosity of fluids.
    4. Laminar and turbulent flows. Reynolds number.
    5. Stationary flow.
    6. Poiseuille's formula.
    7. Hydraulic resistance in series, parallel and combined piping systems. Branching vessels

  • Practical (laboratory) lesson No.7. Biological membranes.

    The student must learn the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:

    1. Biological membranes. The structure and physical properties of biological membranes.
    2. Functions of biological membranes: matrix, transport, barrier.
    3. Types of passive transport.
    4. Passive transport of non-electrolytes. Fick's equation.
    5. Passive transport of electrolytes. Nernst-Planck equation.
    6. The concept of active transport of ions through biological membranes.
    7. Types of active transport.

  • Practical (laboratory) lesson No 8. BIOPHYSICAL BASIS OF ELECTROGRAPHY

    Students should study the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:

    1. Resting potential (RP). RP formation mechanism. Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation.
    2. Action potential (AP). The mechanism of action potential formation on the membranes of nerve and muscle cells.
    3. Electric dipole. Dipole electric field.
    4. Current dipole. Electric field of a current dipole in an unlimited conducting medium.
    5. Concept of a dipole equivalent generator of the heart, brain and muscles.
    6. Einthoven's model. Genesis of electrocardiograms in three standard leads within this model.

     

    Guidelines

    1. Learn the lecture presentation material
    2. Write the protocol in the workbook, as described in the file "Biophysical fundamentals of ECG."
    In a concise protocol theory, reflect the answers to the questions in the session topic.
    3. Watch an instructional video
    4. Select an electrocardiogram from the file with individual tasks. The variant number is determined by the number to the left of the forward slash of the grade book number. For example 37/19. Option 7. Perform calculations.
    5. Complete the lab report and email the instructor a photo of the report.

    LITERATURE

    1. Lecture notes.

    Extracurriculum work

    Lecture    File PowerPoint 2007 Presentation, 5.1MB
    Biophysical fundamentals of ECG File Word 2007 document, 865.8KB
    Individual tasks File Word 2007 document, 2MB

  • Practical (laboratory) lesson No 9. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF BODY TISSUES. ACTION OF CURRENTS AND FIELDS ON HUMAN BODY

    The student must study the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:
    1. Electrical conductivity of biological tissues.
    2. Processes in tissues under the action of electric currents.
    3. Galvanization, medicinal electrophoresis.
    4. Frequency dependence of the threshold of sensible and non-releasing currents.
    5. Passive electrical properties of human body tissues.
    6. Equivalent electrical circuits of intact tissues.
    7. Total resistance (impedance) of living tissues. Frequency dependence.

    QUESTIONS

    1. The mechanism of direct current through biological tissue. Galvanization. Therapeutic electrophoresis.
    2. Types and arrangement of pacemakers. Defibrillator. 
    3. The action of low frequency currents on the human body. Electrosleep.
    4. Mechanism of action on biological tissue of modulated sinusoidal currents. Amplipulse. Application in medicine. 
    5. The action of currents and fields of high frequency on the human body. D’arsonvalization. Inductothermy. 
    6. UHF therapy. Microwave therapy. 
    7. EHF-therapy. Mechanism of action. Application in medicine.
    8. Thermal action of currents and fields. Application in physiotherapy. 
    9. The specific effect of high-frequency currents and fields on the human body.
    10. Effect of laser radiation on biological tissues. The use of lasers in medicine: ophthalmology, dentistry, surgery, therapy, oncology.



  • Practical (laboratory) lesson No. 10. COLLOQUIM No. 2: Biomechanics. Acoustics. Transfer processes in biological systems. Bioelectrogenesis. Electrical properties of tissues

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      STUDENTS SHOULD LEARN THE MATERIAL ON THE TOPIC AND BE ABLE TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

      1. Mechanical waves. Plane wave equation. Oscillation and wave parameters. Energy characteristics. Doppler effect.
      2. Sound. Types of sounds. Sound spectrum. Wave resistance. Objective (physical) characteristics of sound. Subjective characteristics, their relationship with objective ones. Weber-Fechner law.
      3. Ultrasound, physical bases of use in medicine.
      4. Physical foundations of hemodynamics. Viscosity. Methods for determining the viscosity of fluids. Stationary flow, laminar and turbulent flow. Newton's formula, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Poiseuille's formula. Reynolds number. Hydraulic resistance. Branching vessels.
      5. Biological membranes and their physical properties. Types of passive transport. Simple diffusion and electrodiffusion equations. Fick's equation and Nernst-Planck equation. The concept of active transport of ions through biological membranes
      6. The concept of the resting potential of a biological membrane. Equilibrium potential of Nernst. Permeability of membranes for ions. Model of the stationary membrane potential of Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz.
      7. Mechanisms of action potential formation on the membranes of nerve and muscle cells.
      8. Electrical conductivity of biological tissues. Processes in tissues under the influence of electric currents and electromagnetic fields. Galvanization, medicinal electrophoresis, diathermy, inductothermy, UHF- , microwave- and EHF-therapy. Impedance of biological tissues. Frequency dependence.
      9. Electric dipole. Dipole electric field. Current dipole. Electric field of a current dipole in an unlimited conducting medium.
      10. Concept of the dipole equivalent electrical generator of the heart, brain and muscles. Einthoven's model. Genesis of electrocardiograms in three standard recordings within this model.



      LITERATURE

      1. Lecture notes.

       

      CLASSROOM WORK

      1. Computer testing on the topic “Biomechanics. Bioelectrogenesis”
       

      ЕXTRACURRICULUM WORK

      1. Analyze examples of problems solutions
      2. Solve problems

  • Practical (laboratory) lesson No. 11. OPTIC MICROSCOPY

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      The student must learn the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:

      1. The phenomenon of total internal reflection of light. Fiber optics. Application in medicine.
      2. Optical system of the eye. Optical and visual axes of the eye. Accommodation.
      3. Defects of vision and the ways to eliminate them.
      4. Microscopy. Optical microscope arrangement.
      5. Limit of resolution, resolution of the microscope.
      6. Magnification, useful magnification of the microscope.
      7. Application of immersion media in microscopy.


      LITERATURE

      Lecture notes


      Classroom work

      Fulfill  the laboratory work "Measurement of the linear dimensions of erythrocytes using a microscope." The work is carried out according to V.P. Omelchenko, E.V. Kurbatov “Physics. Maths". S-Pb., 2019 p. 296-302.


       Guidelines

      1. Learn the lecture presentation material (File attached)
      2. Write the protocol in the workbook, as described in the file "Measurement of the linear dimensions of erythrocytes using a microscope." In the brief theory of the protocol, reflect the answers to the questions of the lesson topic.
      3. Get known the method of using the microscrew attachment
      4. Select an individual task from the attached file. Perform calculations. Estimate measurement errors.
      5. Complete the lab report and email the instructor a photo of the report.


       Lecture. Optics.

      Measurement of linear sizes of erythrocytes using a microscope

      Error estimation

      Individual tasks. Microscopy


  • Practical (laboratory) lesson No. 12. ABSORPTION OF LIGHT

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      The student must learn the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:

      1. Interaction of light with matter. Light absorption.
      2. Bouguer's law
      3. The Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law.
      4. Optical density of solutions.
      5. Absorption spectra of molecules of some biologically important compounds.
      6. Determination of the concentration of colored solutions using a photoelectric colorimeter.
      7. Application of spectrophotometry in medicine.

       

      Guidelines

      1. Study the lecture presentation material. (File attached)
      2. Write in the workbook the laboratory protocol as described in the attached file. In a concise protocol theory reflect the answers to the questions on the topic.
      3. Get acquainted with the method of determining the concentration of colored solutions using a photoelectric colorimeter (video)
      4. Select an individual task from the attached file. Perform calculations. Estimate measurement errors.
      5. Complete the lab report and email the instructor a photo of the report.

      Literature

      Lecture notes.

       

      Classwork

      Fulfill laboratory work "Determination of the concentration of a colored solution using a photoelectric colorimeter"
       

      Out-of-class work

      Lecture
      Laboratory work
      Error estimation
      Individual tasks

       

  • Practical (laboratory) lesson No 13. IONIZING RADIATION. DOSIMETRY

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      The student must learn the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:

      1. Types of ionizing radiation.
      2. Radioactivity. The law of radioactive decay.
      3. X-ray radiation. X-ray tube.
      4. The mechanism of formation of bremsstrahlung (braking) and characteristic X-ray radiation.
      5. Interaction of X-ray radiation with matter. The law
      of attenuation of the X-ray radiation flux by matter.
      6. Physical foundations of the use of X-ray radiation in medicine.
      7. Dosimetry of ionizing radiation.
      8. Absorbed, exposure and equivalent radiation dose.
      9. Dose rates. Units.
      10. Protection against ionizing radiation.

       

      Guidelines

      1. Study the material of the presentation of the lecture (File attached)
      2. Write in the workbook the the laboratory protocol as described in the attached file. In a concise protocol theory, reflect the answers to the questions on thetopic.
      3. Get acquainted with the dosimetry measurement technique (video)
      4. Select an individual task from the attached file. Fulfill the suggested calculations.
      5. Complete the lab report and email the instructor a photo of the report.

       

      Literature

      Lecture notes

       

      Classwork

       Fulfill laboratory work "Measurement of the dose rate of radionuclides".

       

      Out-of-class work

      Laboratory work
      Individual tasks
      Lecture

  • Practical lesson No 14. Colloquium No. 3 "Optics. Physics of atoms and molecules. Ionizing radiation"

    • Completion
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      The student must learn the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:

      1. The phenomenon of total reflection of light. Refractometry. Fiber optics.
      2. Optical system of the eye: light-guiding and light-receptor apparatus. Accommodation. Best sight distance. Near point of the eye. Defects of vision and methods of their compensation. Acuity of vision.
      3. Microscopy. Resolution of the microscope. Microscope resolution limit. Microscope magnification, useful magnification.
      4. Absorption of light. Bouguer-Lambert-Baer law. Optical density.
      5. X-ray radiation. Interaction of X-ray radiation with substance. The law of attenuation of the X-ray radiation flux by matter. Physical bases of X-ray radiation use in medicine: fluoroscopy, radiography, X-ray computer tomography and X-ray therapy.
      6. Radioactivity. The law of radioactive decay. Interaction of α-, β- and γ - radiation with matter.
      7. Dosimetry of ionizing radiation. Absorbed and exposure doses. Dose rate, relationship between exposure dose rate and activity of a radioactive preparation. Quality factor. Equivalent dose.
      8. Protection against ionizing radiation.