Practical lesson No 14. Colloquium No. 3 "Optics. Physics of atoms and molecules. Ionizing radiation"

The student must learn the material on the topic and be able to answer the following questions:

1. The phenomenon of total reflection of light. Refractometry. Fiber optics.
2. Optical system of the eye: light-guiding and light-receptor apparatus. Accommodation. Best sight distance. Near point of the eye. Defects of vision and methods of their compensation. Acuity of vision.
3. Microscopy. Resolution of the microscope. Microscope resolution limit. Microscope magnification, useful magnification.
4. Absorption of light. Bouguer-Lambert-Baer law. Optical density.
5. X-ray radiation. Interaction of X-ray radiation with substance. The law of attenuation of the X-ray radiation flux by matter. Physical bases of X-ray radiation use in medicine: fluoroscopy, radiography, X-ray computer tomography and X-ray therapy.
6. Radioactivity. The law of radioactive decay. Interaction of α-, β- and γ - radiation with matter.
7. Dosimetry of ionizing radiation. Absorbed and exposure doses. Dose rate, relationship between exposure dose rate and activity of a radioactive preparation. Quality factor. Equivalent dose.
8. Protection against ionizing radiation.