Practical (laboratory) lesson No. 10. COLLOQUIM No. 2: Biomechanics. Acoustics. Transfer processes in biological systems. Bioelectrogenesis. Electrical properties of tissues

STUDENTS SHOULD LEARN THE MATERIAL ON THE TOPIC AND BE ABLE TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. Mechanical waves. Plane wave equation. Oscillation and wave parameters. Energy characteristics. Doppler effect.
2. Sound. Types of sounds. Sound spectrum. Wave resistance. Objective (physical) characteristics of sound. Subjective characteristics, their relationship with objective ones. Weber-Fechner law.
3. Ultrasound, physical bases of use in medicine.
4. Physical foundations of hemodynamics. Viscosity. Methods for determining the viscosity of fluids. Stationary flow, laminar and turbulent flow. Newton's formula, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Poiseuille's formula. Reynolds number. Hydraulic resistance. Branching vessels.
5. Biological membranes and their physical properties. Types of passive transport. Simple diffusion and electrodiffusion equations. Fick's equation and Nernst-Planck equation. The concept of active transport of ions through biological membranes
6. The concept of the resting potential of a biological membrane. Equilibrium potential of Nernst. Permeability of membranes for ions. Model of the stationary membrane potential of Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz.
7. Mechanisms of action potential formation on the membranes of nerve and muscle cells.
8. Electrical conductivity of biological tissues. Processes in tissues under the influence of electric currents and electromagnetic fields. Galvanization, medicinal electrophoresis, diathermy, inductothermy, UHF- , microwave- and EHF-therapy. Impedance of biological tissues. Frequency dependence.
9. Electric dipole. Dipole electric field. Current dipole. Electric field of a current dipole in an unlimited conducting medium.
10. Concept of the dipole equivalent electrical generator of the heart, brain and muscles. Einthoven's model. Genesis of electrocardiograms in three standard recordings within this model.

LITERATURE

1. Lecture notes.

CLASSROOM WORK

1. Computer testing on the topic “Biomechanics. Bioelectrogenesis”
 

ЕXTRACURRICULUM WORK

1. Analyze examples of problems solutions
2. Solve problems